A eukaryotic gene has "sticky ends" produced by the restriction endonuclease EcoRI. The gene is added to a mixture containing EcoRI and a bacterial plasmid that carries two genes conferring resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline. The plasmid has one recognition site for EcoRI located in the tetracycline resistance gene. This mixture is incubated for several hours, exposed to DNA ligase, and then added to bacteria growing in nutrient broth. The bacteria are allowed to grow overnight and are streaked on a plate using a technique that produces isolated colonies that are clones of the original. Samples of these colonies are then grown in four different media: nutrient broth plus ampicillin, nutrient broth plus tetracycline, nutrient broth plus ampicillin and tetracycline, and nutrient broth without antibiotics.Bacteria that contain the plasmid, but not the eukaryotic gene, would grow __________.A) in the nutrient broth plus ampicillin, but not in the broth containing tetracycline. B) only in the broth containing both antibiotics. C) in the broth containing tetracycline, but not in the broth containing ampicillin. D) in all four types of broth. E) in the nutrient broth without antibiotics only.
Solution 1
Bacteria that contain the plasmid, but not the eukaryotic gene, would grow in all four types of broth (Option D).
- A plasmid is a bacterial fragment of DNA physically separated from the bacterial chromosome and thus replicates independently from it.
- Moreover, a ligase is an enzyme that enables the ligation of different DNA strands by catalyzing the formation of phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides.
- In this case, the bacterial plasmid contains two genes that confer resistance to the antibiotics ampicillin and tetracycline.
In conclusion, bacteria that contain the plasmid, but not the eukaryotic gene, would grow in all four types of broth (Option D).
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Solution 2
D. In all four types of broth.
Explanation:
The plasmid will provide the origin of replication to the gene in question as it is a self-replicating body in the bacterial cell. The recombinant DNA technology is used for the purpose but here the plasmid itself has resistant gene for ampicillin and tetracycline.
The plasmid minus the eukaryotic gene can survive on all the media with or without antibiotics as it is resistant to both. In normal media, it will also survive and grow. So, colonies are seen after incubation in all the four media.
The plasmid is ampicillin resistant so grow in all the media.
The plasmid is also tetracycline-resistant so would grow in media having broth of tetracycline or both ampicillin and tetracycline.
📚 Related Questions
True
Changes in the transcription of mRNA or the translation of a polypeptide are not considered to be mutations because they are not permanent changes to the cell.
Explanation:
The half-life of mRNA and proteins is short. mRNA has an average of 10 hours of life span while proteins have an average of  several days. Therefore mutation in these biomolecules will only persist as long as this mutated mRNA of protein exists. After its life-span, the molecule is degraded and replaced by a non-mutated mRNA or proteins. This is because the piece of DNA that codes for the mRNA and subsequent protein is not mutated. A mutation on DNA is the permanent kind of mutations because DNA is a highly stable molecule that stores information about the cell.
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The statement that is false regarding bilaterians is that most bilaterians have tissues but some do not. The correct option is d.
What is bilaterian?
Bilateria, also known as bilaterians, are animals that have bilateral symmetry as an embryo, meaning they have a left and a right side that are mirror images of each other. This also implies that they have a head, a tail, a belly, and a back.
Animals with bilateral symmetry and bodies made up of three germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.
Except for sponges, cnidarians (jellyfishes, sea pens, hydras, and so on), and ctenophores, all groups of multicellular animals are included.
Every bilaterian animal is made up of tissues, organs, and cell types, the function of which is ultimately and completely determined by the genes that each cell expresses.
Thus, the correct option is d.
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Answer:
D.Most bilaterians have tissues but some do not.
Explanation:
The male child is having Kleinfelter's syndrome.
Explanation:
In the Klinefelter's syndrome, the number of chromosomes is 47 ie 2X Y
It is given that he is chromatin-positive male i.e colour blind. Â It can be assumed that he received two X chromosome from his mother in which one turned in to barr body. Colour blindness is an X-linked recessive trait.
Both the X chromosomes have an allele for colour blindness and nondisjunction has taken place in mother's gametes, making 2X chromosome.
It can be concluded that the chromosome having colour bling gene got expressed whereas the other chromosome became barr body.
Full Question:
Your body contains tens of thousands of different proteins, each with a specific structure and function. The unique shape of each of these diverse proteins is based on several superimposed levels of structure. Which of the following statements is true?
a.The primary structure of a protein is the order of nucleic acids in a polypeptide.
b.The 20 amino acids found in proteins differ in the composition of their R groups, which may be either polar or charged.
c.Tertiary structure is the overall shape of a polypeptide, which may be stabilized by hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and covalent bonds
d.Quaternary structure is only found in proteins that have four identical polypeptide subunits.
e.Secondary structures, which include the alpha helix or beta pleated sheet, are held together by interactions between R groups.
Answer:
The 20 amino acids found in proteins differ in the composition of their R groups, which may be either polar or charged.
Option B.
Explanation:
The proteins are one of the most abundant biomolecule of the biosphere. The proteins are formed by the polymerization of the amino acids which are actually 20 in type. The amino acids are basically of the same framework - having an alpha carbon with which are attached a carboxy group, amino group, a hydrogen and a variable group on which the actual property of amino acid depends. There are 20 different variable groups and so, there are 20 different amino acids.
Among them, 8 are essential amino acids, not synthesized in body and rest 12 are non essential amino acids, synthesized in body. These variable groups are either alkyl group, or aromatic group. They may be polar or non polar.
Answer:
dermis
Explanation:
Answer:
b.
Explanation:
It's a layer in the skin.
Out of the following statements are ways in which pathogenic fungi can kill plant tissue, but the exception is breaking down rocks by releasing acids; that is the option e as pathogenic fungi can cause disease in plants.
What are fungi?
Pathogenic fungi can cause diseases in plants, leading to reduced growth and yield or even plant death. Different fungi species have evolved various mechanisms to cause disease in plants, and the ways in which they can kill plant tissue vary. One way in which pathogenic fungi can kill plant tissue is by decreasing water absorption. Some fungi can grow on plant roots or block water-conducting vessels, which reduces water uptake by the plant. This can cause wilting and the eventual death of the plant.
Hence, out of the following statements, there are ways in which pathogenic fungi can kill plant tissue, but the exception is breaking down rocks by releasing acids; that is option e.
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Answer:E
Explanation:Fungi attacks plants by sapping most of the important nutrients in the plant and secreting toxins that may result to the death of the plant
Answer:
Zygote fungi do not have walls between their cells and as a result, many haploid nuclei from each hypha flow into each gametangium.
Explanation:
Zigote Fungi or zygomycota corresponds to a classification of fungi, characterized by having hyphae without septum, which is why they are called cenocitic, that is, without evident walls in their nucleus.
The hyphas contain haploid nuclei that are capable of attaching to the reproductive organ of the fungus, the gametangio. In the zygote fungi, reproduction has one sexual component, the zygospores and another asexual called sporangia. When zygospores are activated they are able to move, producing sporangia by meiosis.
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Answer:
A
Explanation:
autotrophy have mitochondria with tubular Cristae ( ridges), and their flagella or cilia have distinct structure
Answer:
D. Plasma Membrane Composition
Explanation:
Archean Cell wall lack peptidogylan and have an enclosed lipid layer with hydrocarbons and not fatty acid :)
The option (A) is correct. Tuberculosis.
What do you mean by tuberculosis?
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria usually attack the lungs, but TB bacteria can attack any part of the body such as the kidney, spine, and brain. Not everyone infected with TB bacteria becomes sick.
Moreover, people who develop TB disease have symptoms based on where in the body the TB bacteria are growing. TB bacteria usually grow in the lungs and symptoms can include: bad cough that last 3 weeks or longer, pain in the chest, coughing up blood or sputum, weakness/fatigue, weight loss, chills, fever and night sweats.
Hence, tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a type of bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It's spread when a person with active TB disease in their lungs coughs or sneezes and someone else inhales the expelled droplets, which contain TB bacteria.
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Answer: the answer is tuberculosis
Explanation: